Management and Project - 1498 Words

Project Human Resource Management (DAPM07T) Assignment 03 Portfolio of Evidence Table of Contents Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Project Scope 3 2.1 Project Statement 3 3 Project Objectives. 3 4 Matrix Organisation and responsibilities 4 5 Project title and responsibilities 4 5.1 Project Team 5 5.2 Roles Of the project team 5 5.2.1 Project Manager 5 5.2.2 Project sponsor 6 5.2.3 Contractor Construction 6 5.2.4 Project engineers 6 5.2.5 Project Coordinator 6 5.2.6 Contractor plumbing 6 6 Advantages and disadvantages of a matrix Organisation 6 6.1 Advantages of Matrix organisation 6 6.2 Disadvantages of matrix organisation 7 7 Communication 7 8 Conclusion 7 9 References 8 * Introduction The†¦show more content†¦Produce consolidation reporting to the project board, including milestone summary, key issues, risks, benefits, summary of costs incurred. Establish standard tools and procedures for use on the project, including issue, risk, and change and information management. Manage project library, reviews project activities for compliance with procedures and standards, manages data security, software and license control.† 2012 principles of management† | Project Team Client Department of Public Works Depart Project Manager Nokuthula Nyathi * * Project Coordinator Pammy Legana * * Consulting Engineer Gladstone Shirindza * Contractor Magasana Construction * * Contractor Plumbing Drain surgeon Contractor Steel Amana construction Contractor Building Murray amp; Robert Construction * Roles Of the project team Project Manager Project Manager is responsible for managing the work of consultants, allocating and utilising resources in an efficient manner and maintaining a co-operative, motivated and successful team and ensure that the project is delivered on time, to budget and to ensure required quality standard with agreed specifications. Project sponsor Is responsible for overseeing the progress of the project and reacting to any strategic problems. Contractor Construction They are hired to build the community hall, their job is to ensureShow MoreRelatedProject Management : Projects Management902 Words   |  4 PagesProject Management Project Management. What does the words Project Management mean and what are the steps to managing a great project. If we break down the two words Project Management it is defined on dictionary.com as â€Å"The process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling the production of a system†. As shown in the website Project Insight there are multiple different steps in the project management roll such as project scope, life cycle, objectives, assumptions, constraintsRead MoreProject Management and Project Management It3115 Words   |  13 PagesExamination Paper: Project Management IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper Project Management Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) †¢ †¢ †¢ This section consists of multiple choices questions and short answer type questions. Answer all the questions. Part One questions carry 1 mark each and Part Two questions carry 5 marks each. Part One: Multiple choices: 1. During _________formal tools and techniques were developed to help and manage large complex projects. a. 1950s b. 1980sRead MoreProject Portfolio Management : Project Management1432 Words   |  6 PagesProject Portfolio Management (PPM) is the centralized management of the processes, methods, and technologies used by project managers and project management offices (PMOs) to analyze and collectively manage current or proposed projects based on numerous key characteristics. The objectives of PPM are to determine the optimal resource mix for delivery and to schedule activities to best achieve an organization’s operational and financial goals ― while honoring constraints imposed by customers, strategicRead MoreProject Quality Management : Project Management1322 Words   |  6 PagesQUESTION 1 Q: Why Project Quality management is so crucial in the completion of any project? Outline the various project quality management processes used. Describe in detail the process of Quality control. a. INTRODUCTION. Within any project there are a number of factors that are right up there and often preoccupy members of the Project Team. These include making sure that the project completes on time, making sure that the project does not go over budget and ensuring that all the team members areRead MoreProject Management, Project Communication, And Project Stakeholder Management797 Words   |  4 Pagesareas of project management that stood out while taking this program. Project integrated management, project communication, and project stakeholder management. A discussion on how they are executed will be presented. As more courses were taken during this project management graduate program, many of the project management concepts became clear and revealed more of the interdependencies and intricate dynamics that are required for successful project management. Stakeholder Management Project StakeholderRead MoreProject Management : Project Integration Management1236 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Direct and Manage Project Execution is the process for executing the work defined in the project management plan to achieve the project s requirements/objectives defined in the project scope statement† (comp. PMBOK3, p. 78). The Project Manager helps with the execution of the planned activities, sometimes with the assistance of a project management team for larger projects. This occurs during the execution phase of the project. Figure: Phases of a project When we are completing the work assignedRead MoreProject Reconciliation Management : Project Management862 Words   |  4 Pages Project reconciliation management is a component of Project management which arranges every one of the parts of a project. Project reconciliation guarantees smooth execution of all procedures. The deliverables here incorporate yet not restricted to Project s Charter; Scope that can be an underlying variant, management arrangement about the project .In the project management viewpoint, reconciliation includes the elements of partner the group; unite the status, and taking synergistic activitiesRead MoreProject Management Msc. 7Pjmn009W Project Management Project.1391 Words   |  6 Pages Project Management MSc 7PJMN009W Project Management Project Author: Maria Chico Garrido Date: 06 March 2017 Version: 1.1 Project type: Academic Preferred Supervisor: Proposed Title: How does the use of formal project management methodologies in complex Home Automation projects contribute to project success? Main Deliverables/Milestones: Deliverable Date Project Mandate 09 March 2017 Project Brief: In depth literature review of formal project management methodologies and project success. BackgroundRead MoreProject Management : A Project Essay2232 Words   |  9 PagesA project is determined by a start and an end. Before the project started the work does not exist. During a project the work does exist. When the project ends work no longer exist. To determine if something can be identified as a project it must have certain characteristics. They include a defined scope, finite budget, deliverables (specific end results) and assigned resources. During a project there are interacting processes. The initiation process starts the project and identifies the organization’sRead MoreProject Management1510 Words   |  7 PagesSystem. You are the project manager on a project to construct a flyover in the city to ease traffic congestion. Flyover construction should cause minimum disruption to the traffic until it is complete. Ensuring safety of the commuters and workers at the site is the responsibility of your company. The date of completion of the project is six months from now. This date cannot be extended because of an upcoming international summit in the city. To achieve the overall project time lines, the following

multicultural counseling Essay - 762 Words

Multicultural Counseling nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After reading the many articles on the notion of diagnosis and counseling with multicultural/ethnic patients, it has come to my attention that this focus is solely based on stereotypical attitudes. Sure, it can be said that it is important for a therapist to have a background of the patient’s heritage and culture, but doesn’t this necessarily mean that the outlook of the therapist will be put in a box by doing so? I think multicultural competency is a ridiculous way to improve patient-therapist relationships because of several reasons. First off, generalities and race-centralisms only hinder, not improve, the inner workings of a therapy session. Second, there is no real way to test†¦show more content†¦This bias will be formed in the â€Å"classroom† in which multicultural competency takes place. If therapists are taught certain things about certain races, they have no choice but to implement these issues into their practice. I t hink the implementation of any sort of knowledge is absolutely dependent on the patient and what is the nature of their illness. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;If there is a model for competency involving multicultural issues, the therapist, especially, is forced to look at the information taught to s/he in the study for the competency. After going through the process of understanding multicultural issues (however this is possible) and having passed the â€Å"exam† that tells them that they are multiculturally competent, a strange occurrence will take place when putting these studies into practical use in the therapy environment. Let’s say that therapist Dr. Harry Potter has a new patient coming in for the first time today. Her name is Janet Lee. Already by having been a part of society for 40 some years, Potter makes the assumption that Lee is a Chinese name; therefore his new patient is Chinese. Potter then puts on his therapists’ hat and thinks back to what he learned in his competency class about Chinese patients. He remembers what he learned of their relationships with their parents, their understandings of the US and how they feel about therapy. Now Janet walks in. They began conversing. Janet begins to feelShow MoreRelatedEthics in Multicultural Counseling3154 Words   |  13 PagesEthical Issues in Multicultural Counseling Abstract In the past, counselors have lacked the knowledge and skills to interpret ethical guidelines in multicultural counseling. The ethical guidelines dictate how a counselor should have the necessary tools when conducting a counseling session. There is a shortfall of training and education when dealing with race, ethnicity, and cultural backgrounds in today’s society. Ethics is a hot topic for counselors, partially because there are so many differentRead MoreMulticultural Group Counseling : An Effective Multicultural Counselor855 Words   |  4 PagesMulticultural group counseling takes place when a counselor and/or clients are from differing cultural, race, and/or ethnicity groups. Due to the significant demographic changes that are occurring in the United States, multiculturalism is becoming increasingly important. When acting as a multicultural group counselor, it is important to modify techniques to reflect the cultural differences of the client, be prepared to deal with difficulties during the counseling process, and understand the wayRead More Multicultural Counseling Critique Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural Counseling Critique: Counseling Utilization by Ethnic Minority College Students Although the practice of counseling has evolved considerably since its inception, the concept of multicultural competence remains novel. Engrossed in the lives of every clinician are underlined biases and prejudices that act as filters in which every interaction with a clients is affected. Current research on the topic of multicultural counseling has shown that although multicultural awareness is on theRead MoreMulticultural Counseling Is The Hour Of The Need1204 Words   |  5 Pages Multicultural counseling has been on the rise since the 20th century and so far plenty of literature highlighting the need of it has been published. The practice is getting more and more popular because the idea is fully in line with the dynamics of the modern world. In diverse regions like US, where the population is composed of culturally different people, multicultural counseling becomes more of a necessity. Thus, the emergence of programs based on multicultural counseling is the hour of theRead MoreEssay on A Career in Multicultural Counseling491 Words   |  2 PagesThe basic concepts and purposes of multicultural counseling include the following answers. The main purpose of multicultural counseling is creating a positive and friendly environment, when counseling clients from an ethical or racial background or minority group. The main goal for counselors is to recognize issues of multicultural diversity in today’s society. These potential clients can include people in business, medical, or manufacturing as well as, students, and immigrants. The culture centeredRead MoreMulticultural Counseling Is Becoming A Imperative As A Part Of Counseling Professional Essay2184 Words   |  9 Pages​Multicultural counseling is becoming more imperative as a part of counseling professional’s training and education due to the continuing increase of diversity within our population (Sue Sue, 2016). The European Western frame from which counseling professionals have based their practices on, are not adhering to the different cultures and how different cultures respond to these practices. Each person belonging to a different culture can often respond negatively to the non-cultural specific practicesRead MoreMulticultural counseling, diversity counseling, counseling diverse populations, APA references.2828 Words   |  12 PagesThe Hidden Minority Upon hearing multicultural counseling, culturally diverse counseling, or counseling of diverse populations most people may think of groups that differ from the dominant culture in our society, such as, race, culture, ethnicity, etc. Many people do not think beyond these categories to consider a second tier of diversity, for instance, age, disability, sexual orientation, etc. What is the dominant culture? In most references the comparison is associated with the White Euro-AmericanRead MoreReflection Paper : Multicultural Counseling And Psychology1256 Words   |  6 Pageswhen and what classes I have had the same experience, I recall Multicultural Counseling and Psychology. Stepping out my comfort zone is what really came to mind. Growing up in a society that has changed so much over the years you would think that I would be used to it; however, asking to look at your community with a different set of eyes is uncomfortable and brings feelings of disbelief most of the time. During my multicultural class my instructor asked us to explain what culture we were aRead MoreMulticultural Counseling: Trends, Expectations, and Evolving Standards645 Words   |  3 PagesMulticultural counseling: Trends, expectations, and evolving standards The relationship of a counselor to his or her client can be troubled when the two come from different cultural backgrounds. As counselors incorporate a greater awareness of their clients culture into their theory and practice, they must realize that, historically, cultural differences have been viewed as deficits (Romero, 1985). Adherence to white cultural values has brought about a naive imposition of narrowly defined criteriaRead MoreDeveloping Multicultural Counseling Competence : A Systems Approach1243 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidering concomitant issues related to classism, discuss the unique counseling challenges associated with each group. Support your assertions. Submit your thread by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Thursday of Module/Week 2. Submit your replies by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 2. Hays, D. G., Erford, B. T. (2014). Developing multicultural counseling competence: A systems approach (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Pearson. In counseling there are many factors to consider. The United States is one of the

Compare and contrast visions and values free essay sample

In this essay I will aim to compare and contrast two case studies in terms of the visions and values of health they demonstrate. To do this I will look at the examples of the case studies we have looked at, these were of Brain and Samuel both have type 2 diabetes with similar age and their own set of life stresses. This will draw on the contrasts between the biomedical model and the social model within healthcare. The biomedical model is focused on the body, not the person. The Social model is focused on the person as a whole and letting the individual self-manage their condition.? When we look at both case studies provided, we start to see that both promote two different types of care used and the effects these approaches have on the patients. First of all we read about Brian who suffers with poor eye sight and relies on his daughter-in-law to help him take his blood sugar levels once a week. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast visions and values or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its fair to say this is Brian’s only means of support when tackling the day to day challenges of his condition. Due to the stress of moving after 40years Brian is skipping meals and its clear he is unable to maintain his healthy lifestyle and move at the same time. So when he goes to the doctor in his next routine appointment he wishes to raise the feelings of being lethargic and tired. Instead it seems his doctor focuses on his test results and dismisses Brian’s concerns. When Samuel raised his concerns about his tiredness and lack of sleep we see the doctor taking an interest in understanding why he feels like he does, he then continued to gather information about his interests and lifestyle as well as the support he receives from family and friends. Samuel shows he is able to self-manage his condition and brings in his own blood test results from that week to show the doctor, as these were high due to the stress of a move the doctor suggested blood tests to gain an oversight and if they continued to increase they could both think about changing the course of action. Brian on the other hand was categorised and not treated like a person, Cohered into taking new medication because his Mr Wise had just been to a conference to promote it. Brian has now been told by the doctor he needs to monitor his blood sugar levels for the next month in which he cant do on his own. So, he could also feel an increase in severity of his condition as hes taking more medication and will have to come back in a months time. Samuel is offered support to help him self-manage his condition and his doctor offering him leaflets and information about groups and offered him to go see the nurse about self care routines and healthy eating. He leaves the surgery feeling relived, supported and free of concern after talking to his GP. Brian leaves feeling worried, he feels he should have mentioned his move to the doctor but he feels as though his GP is authoritative and his feelings are irrelevant. He knows he has no support from the nurses until two weeks time when he moves in and feels pressure for his blood sugar levels to improve otherwise he will have to get insilin injections. As we can see the approaches from the doctors leaves the patient feeling differently when leaving the surgery. Brains case study demonstrates he was being treated using the Biomedical model. This is considered to be the dominant and the modern way for health care professionals to diagnose and treat a condition in most Western cultures but It does not account for psychological factors that could have a role in the illness. In the Biomedical model, each illness has one underlying cause and once that cause is removed, the patient will be healthy again. When Brian starts his consultation Dr Wise asks him a questions then quickly moves onto the results. He doesnt ask Brian why he thinks they are high or if there are any changes to his lifestyles. He then continues to tell Brian that he must eat properly and that based on research complications can occur for people with diabetes when having a high blood sugar level persists overtime. So we can see it is Biomedical as Dr Wise talks about research and results A high value is put on using scientific methods of research and on scientific knowledge. (OU Book 1 Chapter 4 p. 69) The biomedical model is an authoritative approach and bases the decisions of treatment on facts and not the opinions of its patients as these do not bear any weight. Samuels case studies shows all the evidence that he was being treated using the social model of health. He was treated as a whole, his social and psychosocial factors were taken into consideration. We see examples of this as he was educated and encouraged to work collectively with the doctor to help him get better. When Samuel walked into his consultation Dr Bright began by just listening, then gathering information about his move, his interests and support. Before the consultation Dr Bright gained background knowledge from a previous GP so he was starting to get a picture of the entire lifestyle. The social model of health does not abandon wholesale the medical model but puts it into wider social and environmental framework. Dr Bright asks why he thinks his results are like that, so he values his opinion and then suggests if they dont improve they could both think about a course of action, So he empowers his patient and encourages him to have an active role in his condition. Dr wise used Brian’s results to determined his next course of treatment, he could see these were above the recommended level. He used evidence he gained at the conference he attended about new oral medication for people with diabetes but didnt really look at Brians previous blood sugar levels or any of his case history, or even enquire about his lifestyle. He tells him of the research he learnt about blood sugar levels effect people with diabetes and advised him based on all these facts. Then insists his blood sugar will be monitored as proof of improvement, if this doesnt work he was used another tried and tested form of treatment which is insulin injections. Dr wise has used precise and effect methods to help Brian with his conditions he has weighed up hsi knowledge and given appropriate medication to help these improve. Dr Bright still uses the facts of Samuels condition, He gave advice based on history and lifestyle of his patient. He thought about all the wider aspects that could have been effecting these results and suggested solutions to help them improve with willingness of the patient. He gave advice on the evidence of the broader picture of Samuels life, condition and how it was effecting him. In conclusion, Although both health accounts have some conflicting values in the way they treat their patients they both can coexist with each other and their boundaries are not that ridged. The authoritative biomedical approach means the patient which is our case study is Brian is expert influenced, this will help the doctor with securing patient compliance in order to  diagnose and treat disease. Dr wise was also pioneering new drugs for biomedicine. While Dr Bright was considering all the aspects of biomedicine but incorportating full body health and well-being. Aswell as having interactive management between patient and practitoner. Samuel was responsible and getting further education aswell as encouraged to self-manage and improve his healthy eating. The social model doesnt just rely on drugs but has a holstic approach to its care, and give supports to its patients.

Soaring Forever free essay sample

Freedom. I gently drape my wings around my head, eager to fly. The golden leaves danced with the wind as the fresh summer breeze kissed my cheeks. My scarf flew in the direction of the wind as I pulled it around my head and hastily reached down into my jeans pocket for a safety pin. Secured in my other hand was a wounded bird, surrounded by comforting paper towels to ease its pain. The pride I felt when I held the bird vanished as I noticed the pain in its eyes. It was the look of betrayal and bewilderment, as it surrendered itself into my anxious hands. Birds are born to sing the colors of freedom and fly above corruption. She can make it . . . she can make it. Releasing the control of my comforting grasp, I motioned the bird to fly. Though apprehensive, her eyes expressed fortitude. She struggled herself to stand and pushed her wings against the forceful breeze. We will write a custom essay sample on Soaring Forever or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . . I hear the harsh whispers as I walk nervously down the school hallway—my first day wearing hijab. . . . and it flew. Never before had I noticed the majestic movements of the wings of a bird as it gracefully draped itself above the grass, dancing with the wind—free in unison. By simply moving my hand to free the bird, I also freed my heart towards maturity and wisdom. I keep on reciting the Quranic verse: Fainna Ma’al ‘Usri Yusra. â€Å"Surely, with every hardship there is ease.† The hateful gaze, a friend betrayed, eyes sting with tears. The tranquility in my heart remains. Then she stopped. Her frantic wings persevered, but her body was too weak to carry on. She descended like a lonesome snowflake bidding the sky farewell—disillusioned by the kindness of the wind. The bird dropped, as did my heart, as did my hopes. I picked her up into my hands and let her breathe. Her soft painful chirps once used to sing joyful melodies, but now she struggles to express a note. I brushed her gently with my finger. Taking a deep breath, I enter my classroom. The silent insults dart towards me, and my heart takes in each one of the arrows and lets my mind and emotions feel the pain. The last heartbeat struggles through as the delicate wings close perpetually, tucked beside the muffled chest of the bird. My tears’ rhythmic movements resemble the bleeding wells of a sudden wound, erupting without thought, without wisdom, without control. Fighting back the anxious tears, I dissolve the negative stares by simply smiling, expressing my confidence. Suddenly, a light shattered the darkness of confusion and judgment around me. Her eyes were facing the sky when she died, symbolizing her undying perseverance and optimism. The wings that soared above the spirit of the sky, the wings that raced the wintry winds to protection, the wings that flew with freedom are now motionless. But her soul is liberated and will always be. She will fly forever and sing with passion. Forever. â€Å"You are God’s soldier, Mariam,† said my mom as she wiped away my sensitive tears, â€Å"Stay strong.† I will sing my melody. I will not be afraid. The bird is perched in my heart with expanded wings, making my heart fly towards my dreams. Every day the mirror reflects my tranquility as I wrap my hijab as it drapes over my shoulders like wings of undying confidence. And I will expand my wings and soar to my passionate desires, even though the thorns of stereotype prick my wings as I journey. The wings of freedom will never tire; they will kindle the spirit of dignity and hope. Forever.

Life of Butch Cassidy essays

Life of Butch Cassidy essays Born Robert Leroy Parker in Beaver, Utah, on Apr. 13, 1866, Cassidy was the oldest of 13 children and had no formal education. Cassidy became a cowboy while still in his teens when he met Mike Cassidy, adopting Cassidy's name after he joined him in rustling cattle in Utah and Colorado. He joined a gang every one later called the wild bunch who over they years would take over $15,000,00 from banks, trains and other robberies. After a robbery he tried to make an honest living by being a ranch hand but later met up with some old friends named Bill and Tom McCarty and tried to rob a train but after the guard refused to open the safe they left the train alone and left with no money. Later he met up with them again and robbed the Denver First National Bank of over $20,000 Tom McCarty approached the bank president that day and stated: "Excuse me, sir, but I just overheard a plot to rob this bank." The bank president nervously asked: "Lord! How did you learn of this plot? McCarty said, I planed it raising his gun "Put up your hands." Being only captured once and let out on Jan 19,1896 he went back to his hide out in a bank robbery butch's friends Bill McCarty and his brother Fred McCarty had been shot to pieces while trying to rob the bank in Delta, ColoOn the night of November 6, 1908, Butch and Sundance arrived in the town of San Vicente. They were looking for a place to stay and were directed to the home of Bonifacio Casaola. The room that Butch and Sundance were given had one doorway that opened up into a walled patio, no windows and no back door. After guiding the two outlaws, the local man who directed Butch and Sundance to Casaola's home, alerted four local soldiers that two strangers were in town. The soldiers gathered their rifles and ammunition and headed for the house. The soldiers entered the patio at the same time Butch was coming out of the doorway. Butch drew his gun and fired, hitting one o...

Friedrich Nietzsche essays

Friedrich Nietzsche essays Friedrich Nietzsche was a 19th century German philosopher who challenged the basis of Christianity and traditional morality. In contrast to his works, Nietzsche was raised by a pious Lutheran family, and often labeled the little pastor. After Nietzsche attended a boarding school, he went to study philosophy at the University of Bonn. Four years later, he transferred to the University of Leipzig, where he met Professor Friedrich Ritschl and found his niche for philosophy, philology, and literature. At the young age of 24, under the direction of Friedrich Ritschl, he earned a professorship at Basel. His beliefs were founded on the works and lives of great philosophers and men such as Arthur Schopenhaur and Charles Darwin. At the age of 21, Nietzsche lost his faith in traditional religion and found philosophy when he was introduced to Arthur Schopenhaur. Schopenhaurs philosophy was based on the premise that people did not have individual wills, rather we are the pawns of a life force. This was in direct contrast with Nietzsches traditional religion which teaches that we, in contrast, do have individual wills. Charles Darwins influence can also be seen in Nietzsches work. Nietzsche is notorious for his will to power, in which he asserts assumptions similar to Darwins survival of the fittest. Simply put will to power is a process of expansion that he believed was the basic driving force in nature. Nietzsches beliefs centered around his will to power and led to other theories of our existence like the slave morality theory. The slave morality theory maintains that the weaker groups virtues (slave) are viewed as positive attributes, like passivity. While on the other hand, the dominating groups virtues (master) are viewed as negative attributes such as evil. Both the will to power and ...

Leadership and Management Commitment Research Paper

Leadership and Management Commitment - Research Paper Example Without leadership and management commitment, the organization is destined to fail. Mannan and Lees (2005) highlights that some of the ways in which leadership and management commitment is demonstrated include providing safety a high profile, giving the organization managers safety goals, supporting organization managers whose main concern is safety as far as their decision making is concerned, operating an active audit system and take action in cases of deficiencies and incidents. Mannan and Lees (2005) argues that safety ought to be given a high profile and this can only be possible when various measures are put in place in addition to considering safety as the first item on the agenda of the organization’s meetings and also making sure that all the employees are informed of the actions taken by the management both in the initiation of, as well as in response to various safety matters. Burns (2002) argues that today’s organizational managers are generally aware of the significance of safety, including grave incident prevention. However; a great number of them are normally overwhelmed by the pressure to attain excellence in a number of key areas of performances within their organizations. Other than safety operations, their attentions as organizational leaders are normally focused on productivity, customer service, product quality and cost control. To complicate things further, these goals more often than not appear to be tension with each other, with organizational managers finding it difficult to improve performance in one particular area without adversely impacting on the others. It is therefore a workplace reality that dignified intentions by organizational managers are not enough to attain desired results within organization, and as a result managers ought to demonstrate effective leadership and

Distracted Driving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Distracted Driving - Essay Example As the essay stresses the mode of transmission is how the bacterium moves from one place or host to another and with TB this is through coughing or sneezing that releases the TB bacterium into the air which can then be inhaled by another person in the room. The portal of entry of TB is also its portal of exit that is the human respiratory system. Therefore, just as the TB bacterium can be expelled by sneezing, it can be inhaled by the nose and mouth. The susceptibility of a host is how easily a disease can invade them, for example a person who is already sick or someone with a low immune system or any person with HIV or AIDS will find it harder surviving TB. AS the study states the primary prevention takes place before the disease process begins; it forestalls the onset of the illness this can be done by hand washing, screening persons in high-risk groups among others. Secondary prevention takes place when there is an early diagnosis so that there is treatment before the disease becomes advanced with TB this can be done through administration of antibiotics. Tertiary prevention is aimed at rehabilitation following infection by the disease; this is done to slow the force of transmission through administration of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Lead and uranium poisoning are two of the major health hazards in our Cincinnati community caused by an increased production of natural gas in recent years. As a group we see the sources as they have been described by various academics and government research programs raising the potential impacts on public health.

American Literature Essay Example for Free

American Literature Essay Characteristics The literature is as diverse as the cultures that created it, but there are often common elements such as stories explaining creation or natural forces. Major Writers or Works Oral narratives: Myths; legends; songs; creation stories from groups such as the Zuni, Aztec, Navajo, Lakota, Seneca, Tlingit, Cherokee, Blackfoot, Cree, Inuit, and many more. †¢Exploration Period, 1492-1607 Characteristics The first European writings about North America are written in this period. European writings describe the explorers travels and impressions of the continent and its Native  people. Major Writers or Works Prose: Christopher Columbus, Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, Bernal Diaz del Castillo, Thomas Harriot, and Samuel de Champlain. Oral narratives: Seneca legend How America was discovered. †¢Colonial Period, 1607-c. 1765 Characteristics The Colonial period was dominated by Puritan beliefs and thus literature of this period is usually historical, religious, or didactic. The most common genres were tracts, polemics, journals, narratives, sermons, and some poetry. The first slave narratives were written at this time. Imaginative literature was rare; in some colonies, it was banned for being immoral. Major Writers or Works Poetry: Michael Wigglesworth, Anne Bradstreet, Edward Taylor. Prose: John Smith, Roger Williams, Cotton Mather, Jonathan Edwards Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, Benjamin Franklins Poor Richards Almanacks. Narratives: Mary Rowlandsons A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson. †¢Revolutionary Period, 1765-1790 Characteristics This period begins with the passing of the Stamp Act in England and ends in 1790. The Revolutionary period usually refers to writings that are politically motivated, either in support of British rule, in support of American patriotism and independence, or relating to the Constitution. Major Writers or Works Prose: Thomas Jeffersons Autobiography, Declaration by the Represent-atives of the United States of America, Thomas Paines Common Sense, Alexander Hamilton and James Madisons Federalist Papers. Drama: Royall Tylers The Contrast. Verse and Ballads: Yankee Doodle, The Liberty Song. †¢Early National Period, 1775-1828 Characteristics. During this period, a body of distinctly American imaginative literature began to emerge. As with the novel, poetry, essays, and sketches also began to flourish. The publishing world and readership in America also began to grow. Slave narratives were published with increasing frequency. This period is sometimes called the Federalist period after the conservative federalists in power at the time. Major Writers or Works Poetry: Phillip Freneau, William Cullen Bryant, Phillis Wheatley. Prose: Judith Sargent Murray, Mercy Otis Warren, Washington Irving, Lydia Maria Child. Narratives: Olaudah Equianos The Interesting Narrative of the Lfe of Olaudah Equiano. Novels: Hannah Webster Fosters The Coquette. †¢Romantic Period, 1828-1865 Characteristics The Romantic period covers the period between Jacksonian democracy to the end of the Civil War. This period was the first major explosion of a distinctly American body of literature; for this reason, this period is also referred to as the American Renaissance. Many of American literatures most well-known writers emerged during this time. Readership increased significantly and the 1850s saw a number of immensely popular novels. Issues and subjects addressed in the literature of this time ranged from the American identity, to the slavery debate, to historical narratives, to poems and narratives inspired by romanticism, to prose works examining national unity. Major Writers or Works Poetry: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Lydia Sigourney, Edgar Allan Poe, Walt Whitmans Leaves of Grass, Emily Dickinson. Prose: Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Rebecca Harding Davis, William Lloyd Garrison. Narratives: Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Novels: James Fenimore Cooper, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Herman Melville, Susan Warner, Maria Susanna Cummins The Lamplighter, Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin, William Wells Brown, Harriet E. Wilson. Drama: George Aikens play, Uncle Toms Cabin, based on Stowes novel. †¢The Age of Transcendentalism, 1836-1860 Characteristics Transcendentalism, though varied, investigated the relationship between nature, humanity, society, and the divine. Major Writers or Works Prose: Ralph Waldo Emersons Nature, Self-Reliance, and The American Scholar, Margaret. Fullers Woman in the Nineteenth Century, Henry David Thoreaus Walden, Bronson Alcott. †¢Realism, 1865-1900 Characteristics The post-Civil War period was an era of increased industrialization and urbanization as the nation attempted to recover emotionally, culturally, and politically from the aftermath of the war. Though there were still elements of romanticism, this period was considered realistic in its emphasis on unidealized and truthful depictions. Major Writers or Works Poetry: Walt Whitman, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Emily Dickinsons poems published posthumously. Prose: Sarah Orne Jewett, Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, Zitkala-Sa, Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper, George Washington Cable, Kate Chopin. Novels: Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, William Dean Howells, Bret Harte, Louisa May Alcotts Little Women, Henry James, Helen Hunt Jacksons Ramona, Frances E. W. Harpers Iola Leroy. †¢Naturalism, 1900-1914 Characteristics An offshoot of realism, naturalism claimed to give an even more realistic and unflinching depiction of contemporary life. Naturalism was characterized by a pessimistic view of humanity and human existence. Major Writers or Works. Prose: Frank Norris, Jack London, Stephen Crane, Hamlin Garland. Novels: Frank Norris McTeague, Theodore Dreisers Sister Carrie, Jack Londons The Sea-Wolf, Stephen Cranes Maggie: a Girl of the Streets. †¢Modern Period, 1914-1939 Characteristics A period in British and American literature spanning the years between WWI and WWII. Works in this period reflect the changing social, political, and cultural climate and are diverse, experimental, and nontraditional. Major Writers or Works Poetry: Robert Frost, Carl Sandburg, Wallace Stevens, William Carlos Williams, T. S. Eliot, Edna St. Vincent Millay, e.e. cummings, H. D. Novels: Edith Wharton, Willa Cather, Sherwood Anderson, John Dos Passos, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, Sinclair Lewis, John Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway. Drama: Eugene ONeills. The Emperor Jones, Susan Glaspells, Trifles, Clifford Odets. †¢Harlem Renaissance, 1920s and 1930s Characteristics The Harlem Renaissance was the first major burgeoning of visual, literary, and performing arts by African Americans concerned with African-American life, art, culture, and politics. The influence of the Harlem Renaissance remained strong for the remainder of the 20th century. Major Writers or Works Poetry: Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, James Weldon Johnson, Claude McKay. Prose: W. E. B DuBois, Jean Toomer. Novels: Zora Neale Hurston, Nella Larsen, Passing, Jessie Redmon Fauset, James Weldon Johnson, Claude McKay. Drama: Randolph Edmonds, Langston Hughes. †¢Lost Generation, 1920s Characteristics After WWI, a group of American writers grew increasingly disillusioned by, and resistant to, what they saw as hypocrisy in dominant American ideology and culture. Many of these writers left America in search of a more artistic life in London or Paris. Major Writers or Works. Poetry: Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot. Prose: Gertrude Stein, T. S. Eliot. Novels: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises. †¢Beat Writers, 1950s Characteristics Beat Writers writing was generally anti-traditional, anti-establishment, and anti-intellectual. Major Writers or Works Poetry: Allen Ginsbergs Howl, Lawrence Ferlinghetti. Prose: Gertrude Stein, T. S. Eliot. Novels: William Burroughs, Jack Kerouacs On the Road. †¢Postmodern or Contemporary, 1940-present Characteristics In British and American literature, the postmodern period refers to literature written after WWII. The postmodern period reflects anxieties concerning, and reactions to life in the 20th century. Postmodern works are often highly experimental and anti-conventional. Major Writers or Works Poetry: Sylvia Plath, Marianne Moore, Robert Penn Warren, Anne Sexton, Gwendolyn Brooks, Adrienne Rich, Philip Larkin. Prose: Eudora Welty, Raymond Carver, John Cheever, Alice Walker. Novels: Saul Bellow, Ralph Ellison, John Updike, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. , Richard Wright, Thomas Pynchon, E. L Doctorow, James Baldwin, Toni Morrison. Drama: Edward Albee, Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams, Lorraine Hansberry, August Wilson, David Mamet.

Job Discrimination Essay -- Discrimination is Wrong

In some way or another we have all experienced discrimination not only through race but also sex, a disability, religion and so on. How can we determine if discrimination is right in areas other than race? If we define discrimination from the Webster’s dictionary it can be the treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person belongs. In my opinion I would simply say that â€Å"you can’t judge a book by its cover† and that is what we tend to do when we face discrimination. The Federal Equal Opportunity Laws are the enforcers of such discriminations people face on a daily job. Whenever employees encounter a problem with discrimination the EEO laws are their as protection for their rights in the workplace.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Federal Equal Employment Opportunity Laws are like the book of psalms in your bible, daily laws to live by. Under the title VII, the ADA, and the ADEA, it is illegal to participate in any discrimination when dealing with employment. For instance, hiring and firing, recruitment, testing and transfer, promotion, lay off, or recall. Which employers are responsible for making employees aware of the rights under the EEOC? Under the title VII it explains that it is not only intentional discrimination, but also discrimination against color, sex, religion, race, and national origin. When describing National Origin Discrimination it is discriminating against people because of their ancestry, birthplace and culture. National origin an employer has the right to request proper form of Identification or something that let’s them know that they are legal citizens; and this is supported by the IRCA. Dealing with Religious Accommodation discrimination that the employer has the right to ask his boss for permission to accommodate his religious belief. For instance, if the employee is practicing the Muslim religion, and he is required to pray in certain areas at certain times, he needs to make sure that when he practices his daily religious belief that it does not affect other employees. Sex discrimination would fall under title VII, which can range from sexual harassment can stem from sexual favors from the same or opposite sex. For pregnant women they should be treated the same way any ill person would be treated. Next, Age Discriminati... ...specific agent the â€Å"Fair Employment Practices Agencies (FEPAs) they make sure that the party that is being charged is under both federal and state law. Once the charge has been filed they contact the employer and there are several ways they can go about the incident. For instance, interviews, review documents, and maybe visit the incident where it happened. In these cases mentioned above when discrimination is present these are things that may occur: back pay, hiring, promotion, reinstatement, front pay and reasonable accommodation; it may also include attorneys’ fees, and court costs. As I researched this topic, I read a passage in the book Sex Discrimination in the legal Profession, that women in the early 1980’s and 1990’s who were lawyers were getting paid less than a man in the same profession; yes female lawyers are among the most highly educated women on earth now is that equal. Well I think by now we should know whether this topic is a federal or state law? Yes it is a federal law. In order for job discrimination to decrease we must learn how to treat people equal regardless of the color of their skin or their race, or any other discrimination we face in day-to-day life.

Life cycle assessment of spring mattress Essay

Hendrickson, et al (2006) posits that: â€Å"LCA requires careful energy and materials balances for all the stages of the life cycle†. The life cycle of a spring mattress is made up of many processes. The life cycle or â€Å"cradle to grave’ of a spring mattress can be said to consist of the following five stages: a) extraction of raw materials (cradle), b) production of materials, c) production of spring mattress, d) use of the spring mattress, e) disposal of the spring mattress (grave). The function of the product system is to evaluate the extraction of the raw materials, the processing of the raw materials, the manufacturing and fabrication of the product, the distribution of the product, and the use of the product by the consumer and the disposal of the product when it is no longer useful. The functional unit. A spring mattress has a clear cut primary function: providing a resting or sleeping surface, but there are also other types of mattresses that serve the same purpose. Life cycle assessments usually serve to compare different products that have the same function. The functional unit is a quantitative description of the function of the product. The functional unit is a key element of LCA which has to be clearly defined. It should be based on the standard use of the product and is the main reason for which the product is bought. The functional unit is the measure of the function of the studied product and it provides a reference to which the inputs and outputs can be related. This makes it possible to compare two different products that serve the same purpose. The functional unit of a spring mattress may be defined as the length of time it stays fit for use. The system boundaries. According to ISO 14041 standards,† the system boundaries define the unit process to be included in the system to be modeled†. The system boundaries determine which unit Life cycle assessment of spring mattress. processes to be included in the LCA study. Subjective choice is partly used to define system boundaries. For system boundaries of a spring mattress, the following can be considered: 1) Boundaries between the technological system and nature. The life cycle normally begins at the point of extraction of the raw materials (used to manufacture the product) and energy carriers from nature. 2) System boundaries should cover the same reality in all scenarios. 3) Usually, the choice of geographical boundaries is not relevant because system boundaries are related to a function and not a region. 4) Only processes with relevant extractions or emissions will be considered. A screening approach is used to focus only on main contributions. Contributions from the production of capital goods (like trucks, machines); personal related processes (like factory canteens, commuting) and production of materials representing less than 5% of the product mass are not taken into consideration. Impact assessment methodology and interpretation. The aim of impact assessment is to evaluate the significance of potential environmental impacts using the results from the LCI phase. Environmental impacts are quantified as far as possible in an LCA. For this quantification, the classification and characterization methodologies are used. Classification is the assignment of individual inventory parameters to impact categories, e. g. , acidification or green house effect. Characterization is the conversion of LCI units into common units within each impact category with the aid of equivalence factors. In the LCA for a spring mattress, the following environmental impact categories should be considered: abiotic recourse depletion (exhaust), greenhouse effect (global warming), human toxicity, acidification, ozone depletion, landscape depletion, nuisance and solid waste. In the interpretation phase, conclusions are Life cycle assessment of spring mattress. Reached and recommendations are made in accordance with the defined goal and scope of the study. Ciambrone (1997) posits that: â€Å"The environmental lifecycle analysis methodology has three basic components. These components overlap and build on each other to develop a life cycle analysis. The three components are: a) Inventory analysis. b) Impact analysis. c) Improvement analysis†. References. Ciambrone, D. 1997. Environmental Life Cycle Analysis. Hendrickson, C et al, 2006. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods and Services, An Input-Output Approach. ISO 14041 Standards.

Beauty essay & Health

Numerous documents and articles criticize and downplay physical beauty. Credible, educated sources encouraging physical beauty are few and far between. Society fetishly discredits standards and beliefs Marilyn Monroe established. Media reporters emphasize Marilyn wore a size 16. By today’s standards, a size 16 is obese. These reports fail to inform audiences a size 16 at that time is comparable to a size 3 today.Health warnings accompany hair bleaching, tanning, and weight control. Political influences attempt to change opinions regarding physical beauty.Political correctness regarding physical beauty standards controls words used by the media. Words used by the media have no impact on reality. Looks do matter. Physical attractiveness and weight management opens realities regarding career, relationships, luck, court decisions, and better health care. Physical appearances determine first impressions. Vision senses override audible senses. Political influences imply obesity is s ocially acceptable. An overweight person gives the impression of increased risk for injuries and insurance claims in the workplace.Before job applicants say the first words, an unchangeable opinion formed in the interviewers mind. Political correctness portrayed by media reporters or women’s groups does not change perceptions of an obese person. Blonds attract more attention, therefore more customers. People seeking potential dates or marriage partners gives priority to their identity, not research. Individuals are perceived by the appearance of his or her mate. Personal priorities determine individual opinions of physical beauty. Contradiction describing physical beauty is everywhere.Career objectives, goals of attracting certain marriage partners, and other life decisions determine which research and statistics regarding physical attractiveness accepted. External physical appearances visually display personal lifestyle choices. People who prioritize excellent or improved he alth disregard research stating extra body weight is healthier than being thin. Proportionate weight results from selecting healthy food choices and participation in effective cardio exercise. People walking around with 12% body fat and visible muscles live a significantly different lifestyle than someone weighing 115 pounds.Athletic people avoid restaurants, eat clean foods, and organize his or her life around exercise and proper nutrition. Someone concerned with weight management and general health keeps his or her calories low and exercise moderately. Athletic lifestyles are too intense for ordinary individuals with average goals. Friends are selected or rejected based on their visible lifestyles. A person’s weight is an advertisement of daily living habits. Society views weight as a measure of physical appearance. Body image acceptance is often translated as a measure of self esteem, happiness and self-worth.People wishing to change his or her weight desire to change thei r priorities. Anorexia nervosa inevitably shows up every time physical appearance is mentioned. Anorexia nervosa is a mental illness. Physical appearance plays very little part in anorexia. People obsessively refusing to eat are acting out a fear relevant to obesity from his or her past. Perhaps someone remembered from childhood developed a drug problem. Weight gain triggered the drug problem. Depriving the physical body of food has nothing in common with dieting down to 95 or 100 pounds.The media and psychologists attempt to associate the two behaviors. They have nothing in common. Media, psychologists, and investigative reporters imply eating disorders is a desire to become thin. Society pushes theories implying thinness is unattractive. Physicians and dieticians emphasize weight is determined by genes and hereditary. These findings are to discourage eating disorders. Verbally, this logic may be accepted. In actual behavior, the idea is rejected. A self confident person remains un changed by outside influences.Self confidence encourages behavior resulting in pleasant physical appearance. No one obtains above average looks by accident. Extremely attractive people stir up negative emotions from others. â€Å"Beauty draws as much hostility as it does desire. Other women hate you. If you are not available or interested, men hate you too. Beauty makes other people who are insecure about their own looks resentful, which erects a barrier that can be difficult to bridge† (Shriver, 2006). Beautiful women constantly receive make-up tips, suggestions to change their hair or fashion advice.Secure people ignore such suggestions. Self esteem is hardly affected by advice, insults and any media program. Fitness industries would close. Society’s opinions are ever changing regarding perception of physical beauty. Changeable opinions are verbal. Reactions physically attractive people receive remain focused. Reactions to physical attractiveness are never planned. G entlemen offering their seat to an attractive lady, smiles, heads turning, stares, insults, envy, and unplanned facial expressions are true constant perceptions of physical beauty.Marilyn Monroe symbolizes beauty. Extremist groups continuously seek ways to alter the perception of Marilyn Monroe’s physical characteristics. Research attempts to alter behavior emphasizing health risks. Health scares do not change actual behavior. The reality to change what is accepted as physical beauty never changes. Notes; Lionel, Shriver, (8/16/2006) The Curse of Beauty, Daily Manuel. http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=nfh&AN=21963650&site=ehost-live

Symbolic View vs Omnipotent View Essay Example

Symbolic View vs Omnipotent View Essay Example Symbolic View vs Omnipotent View Paper Symbolic View vs Omnipotent View Paper This assessment covers topics you have learnt in unit 2. This is an individual assignment. No duplication of work will be tolerated. Any plagiarism or collusion may result in disciplinary action. 2. Answer ALL questions. 3. Please write your answers in the essay format. Do not answer in point- form, unless the question mentioned List or State. You dont have to write sections of introduction or conclusion in your answers. Just answer directly to what the question is asking. . The total marks for TAMA 2 is 100 and this contributes 15% towards the total weight of the course. 5. The deadline for the submission of TAMA 2 Is during Tutorial 3. Please submit your answers to your tutor. Question 1 In management theory two views about management have been put forth, one being the omnipotent view and the other the symbolic view. Differentiate between the symbolic view and the omnipotent view of management. Include specific examples of each view to support your answer. (20 marks) Question 2 An organization exists in a dynamic environment. Describe what is meant by the specific and general environments within which organizations operate. Provide examples of each type of environment. Question 3 In the modern world of globalization, international business is becoming increasingly important. List and discuss the three attitudes managers might have toward international business. Question 4 List and discuss five arguments in favor of business social responsibility and five arguments against it. Question 5 Professor Greet Hefted has conducted extensive research on national cultures which helps managers to better understand international management and Malaysia was included in his sample. List and explain Hypotheses five dimensions of national culture.

An Analysis Of Chimes Of Slience Essays - Yoruba People, Literature

An Analysis Of Chimes Of Slience Essays - Yoruba People, Literature An Analysis Of Chimes Of Slience An Analysis of Chimes of Slience Wole Soyinka is a Nigerian playwright, and the author of the prose poem Chimes of Silence. In order to describe his experience in solitary confinement Soyinka uses descriptive language involving his vision to better enlighten the reader to his experience. The most dramatic passages in Chimes of Silence describe his limited vision, which expresses to the reader how difficult and horrible of an experience it must have been. Soyinkas efforts to see any sign of life through peepholes in order to have some way of connecting with the outside world, shows just how lonely he really is. The poem opens with Soyinka struggling to see through a peephole in the door of his cell. His interest in the boring details outside of his cell shows just how lonely he is, and how much he longs to have any kind of contact with reality. A little square hole cut in the door, enough for a goalers fist to passenough for me tosteal a quick look at the rare flash of a hand, a face, a gesture(140). Soyinka is desperate to see anything that he can relate to human life. Anything that assures him that even though he has no contact with humans that life is still going on. Anything that reminds him that theres the possibility that he could one day enter back into the life that he has been exiled from. Soyinka continues describing things he strains to see thorough the peephole including, more often a blur of khaki, the square planted rear of the guard on the other side (140). Not only does Soyinka strain to see any part of the human body itself, but also anything else that reminds him of human beings. Something we take for granted everyday Soyinka finds as a connection to the outside world. Its clear through his description of vision seeing through the peephole that Soyinka is desperate for human interaction and is clearly very lonely. Later in the essay Soyinka makes reference to the limited but present amount of sky that he is able to see in his cell; a sky the size of a napkin trapped by small spikes and broken bottles, but a sky (140). Through his describing the sky Soyinka finds another way of connecting to the outside world. The sky that he looks upon is the same one that people look upon everyday, and to him it makes the correlation to the human life he longs to be living. Soyinka knows that when he was once living and surrounded by human contact that he was covered by the same sky that he sees in his cell. It serves as a reminder to him that although trapped he can still carry a piece of his old life within him. His memories of his old life can help make up for the emptiness inside of him in his time of being alone. Soyinka also describes the birds he can see from his cell, Vultures perch on a roof just visible from another yard. And crows. Egrets overfly my crypt and bats swarm at sunset (140). Through his description of the birds Soyinka once again describes something living in order to make up for the fact that he feels so alone, and in a sense dead. It seems that in Soyinkas description of the birds that he almost longs to be them, to be able to fly and be free. Soyinka envies the birds for they arent trapped alone and they have access to the world unlike him. Soyinka eventually discovers a new peephole in his cell and once again he strains to see anything he can to keep himself from being so lonely. Soyinka talks of counting feet walking by in order to keep some kind of reality And now feetthe procession goes by and I count (141). By counting the feet Soyinka can establish the slightest relationship to any kind of outside life. Its almost as if by counting the feet Soyinka can relate to the prisoners and make up for the emptiness he is feeling, and not seem to be so alone. Although they arent trapped there with him the

Nutrigenetics the relation between Genes and nutrition APOA2 Dissertation

Nutrigenetics the relation between Genes and nutrition APOA2 concerning cardiovescular diseases - Dissertation Example Within the nutrition-related disorder context, the variations in genetics underline the varying risks of the diseases, in response to interventions or treatments, as well as in the successful prevention chances. In addition to knowledge of the specific responsible genes, nutrigenetics provides an explanation on how and to which level the nutrition-related disorders and traits are determined by the variations in genetics. Therefore, the major concern in this is the need to answer the question of which particular genes are responsible for a trait, as well as the particular variation in functional identity by which individuals exhibit differences for trait, and the ideal way through which the gained knowledge can be beneficial to the population. Nutrigenetics refers to the effect of variations in genetics on an individual’s optimal dietary requirements. Therefore, nutrigenetics can be regarded as the retrospective study of how variations in genetics, which include single nucleoti de polymorphisms (SNPs) in individuals, result in varied responses to particular nutrients. Researchers have always defined the candidate genes for a given disorder or trait and eventually went ahead to search for the variation in genes, and the approach has been referred to as ‘hypothesis-driven’ method, since the gene selection is done based on their respective functions, just like the lipoprotein genes is regarded as candidates for obesity disorder; whereas the genes for signaling insulin are considered to be candidates for diabetes.

Advertising through Video Games Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8750 words

Advertising through Video Games - Coursework Example However, building a brand that can withstand the test of time and retain its undisputed position among the consumers is definitely not an easy task. As human creativity coupled with technological advancements is on a constant inclination, companies face challenges from all sides. Companies are always pushed to the extremes of being the leaders of the global market than mere survivors. The concept of 'blue ocean markets' has now become a clich as every market sector throngs with more and more companies with relentless aim to carve a niche market for themselves. In such scenarios, strategic companies go beyond the textbooks of brand equity and charter the new areas. One such medium that possesses promise, to loft almost every brand today is the Video Gaming arena.Human brain has always been looking for newer aspects in the various categories faced in life. As the consumer's vision of gaining information over the radio and television has drifted to the newer and faster technologies like computers, there was a necessity to hire new methodologies to reach out for them. The best method to involve the consumers of all age groups was to focus on the advertising aspects through Video Games.This paper mainly aims at studying the factors involved and the prospective benefits that advertising through video games brings about. As a part of its endeavor to answer the primary question, the paper also presents several insights into the world of brand equity. The research also concentrates upon various intangible factors related to the brand of a company that differentiates it's product in the market. It presents the importance of a strong brand value, its importance in modern marketing and the various factors that carve a brand for a product. For a better understanding we also study the pattern of advertising video games right from its evolution. Finally it also throws light on the lesser studied world of video gaming, the enormous prospects it holds and how it can act as a bo on to a company. Results of various research works are analyzed based on the consumer perceptions, effect of product placements and so on. The research is conducted basically to try and understand the tangible results that advertising through video gaming provides. Introduction Research has clearly proved that the consumer's perception has a direct relationship to a brand's market value and consequently the success of the business. Attitudes and perceptions of consumers build the overall brand equity for a particular product. Marketers of various companies invest large amounts of money and time into molding the consumer perceptions about their goods. As for some clients a brand of a product is the matter of prestige and pride, it is easier to set a mark on such mindsets. It is very obvious that, if the consumer is satisfied with the claims made by the company, he will join the company's clientele and remain there as long as the company backs out of the initial promise. A brand is considered as a promise made by the producer to the consumer about the various features embedded in the product. It mainly intensifies the quality of the product. Advertising has been the oldest and yet thriving means to shape the attitudes and perceptions of consumers about the pr oduct of a company. The advertising mediums have been taking various shapes based on time and technological aspects. IPSOS ASI, a leading advertising research company conducted a study comprising

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Literature - Essay Example Conrad’s choice of words and word combinations, complex sentences, his poetic tone and sophisticated style assists in smooth transition in situation that craft a sensual experience for the readers. He uses rhyming adjective phrases and complex sentences to string his ideas and make them transcend into a visual melodrama. â€Å"Heart of Darkness† is an excellent example for his ability to manipulate the abstract language and vivid imagery to attain his goal. In earlier days, Africa was known to be the ‘Dark Continent’ or the â€Å"other world.†(Robert Kimbrough 1988). All negative traits of European society were attributed to Africans. So much so, that Africa did not find a place in the world map and its geographical areas were unmarked. This intrigued and stimulated the spirit of challenge in many explorers and navigators to conquer the Dark Continent. It was this passion that also goaded the boy Joseph to seek a life of adventure and romance on the high seas. A Polish by origin, brought up in a patriotic family who resented European aggression, Conrad spent his childhood in Russia and Poland. Subsequent to the death of his parents he was under the care of his uncle, and had schooling at Carcow. Like other young men of 19th century Conrad was drawn to the adventurous, lucrative, and self-fulfilling life of seamen. He remained a seaman, from 1874 to1894, and sailed under several European flags before beginning his li terary career. Conrad’s long twenty years of experience, particularly a visit to Africa, stands reflected in ‘Heart of Darkness.’(p.ix). The story is narrated through the main character Marlow, who was also a sailor, and can be considered as an autobiographical travelogue of Conrad delivered through Marlow. Heart of Darkness, possibly the greatest short novel in English, asks troublesome questions on human aggression, disturbs preconceptions and

Green Room Productions Essay Example for Free

Green Room Productions Essay In November 1995, Trip Davis, Dartmouthalums, Greg Waldbaum and Eric Butz gathered for a meeting in the conference room of their Charlottesville, Virginia, office. The business partners had reached a crucial point in their startup business. Five months prior they combined their talents to provide professional and technology services in the travel industry by starting Green Room Productions, but the firm had been unable to find sufficient human resources to staff its technology projects. , the partners considered two options: close the business down or move to another city for the second time in five months. Both options that the partners were considering would have huge impacts of the professional careers and personal lives. Closing down would mean that they would have to seek employment with other companies, which could result in them having to relocate their families to another city. The other option, to relocate the company to a location where they could find qualified human resources would guarantee moving their families and still have the uncertainty of success. In the early and mid 90’s the Internet and . Com based companies were booming. In the Travel Industry, people who normally used Travel Agencies to make reservations for airline flights, hotels and auto rentals were now turning to internet based companies such as Prodigy and Pctravel.com, which connected users through ATC’s computer to the Apollo Computer Reservation Systems (CRS), by translating complex codes and commands into a simpler interface. Although many .Com travel companies began to open, many sites lacked the proper interfaces necessary to link existing computer reservation systems to the Internet and did not offer on-line reservations that could be booked threw their website and usually provided advertisement and included a telephone number to call to complete the reservation process. In 1994 Trip Davis accepted a position as an analyst at Landmark Communications, which owned The Travel Channel. With 15 million individual subscribers, it was operating at a loss and needed to increase its subscriber base to 30 million to become profitable. Davis was given the task to find ways to increase the channels subscriber base and move towards profitability. Davis noticed the opportunities that the internet could provide. Landmark also owned the contents of The Weather Channel, and saw an opportunity to develop Weather.com to expand its audience base. But Landmark did not own the contents of The Travel Channel so Davis began investigating ways to expand the channels audience and looked at the travel industry and the internet. Davis met with Internet Service Providers AOL, Prodigy and CompuServe who provided limited travel information on the Web sites and participated in conferences with companies such as Hilton, Delta, Marriott and Disney. These companies expressed the need for nationwide reach that currently were not being met. In 1995, Davis and Greg Waldbaum, who went to college together, ran into each other at a travel conference. Both had always had an interest in starting their own business and began discussing the opportunities of the travel industry and the Internet and decided to start a business together which would focus of two ideas: Provide technology services to help travel companies develop their Internet presence and develop original on-line content such as sightseeing guides to resorts and travel destinations. Davis, Waldbaum and another friend Butz started Green Room Productions. Pitching their â€Å"three S† sales pitch. Site: Set up and create Web site infrastructure; Systems: Create applications connected to the clients existing information infruastrure with systems that enabled customs to make reservations, book tickets, or transact other business on the clients Web site; Strategy: Assist clients with Internet strategy and maintain a focus on their brand. Clients such as The Travel Channel, Mountain Travel, Sobek, Disney and ITT Sheraton provided major projects for Green Room Productions ranging from half million to $1.o million and smaller HTML projects brought gross revenues of $10,000 to $100,000. Green Room Case Study Bibliography Carpenter, mason Andrew Strategic management: a dynamic perspective concepts/ Mason A. Carpenter, Wm. Gerard Sanders- 2nd ed. p. cm. P773 – 781 Green Room Production, LLC/ Fairchild, Gregory B.; Kelly, Dorothy C.; Singer, Susan 7/13/2006

Bonds Between Mother and Daughter :: essays research papers

Bond 2 Bonds Between Mother and Daughter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even before birth a mother and child share a special bond. This bond is like no other, for it is miracle to have a baby growing inside your body. The feelings that emerge with this miracle are too strong for words. After birth, the bond develops into a greater emotional and physical bond. The child will spend much of his or her time learning in the first years of life with the mother, who is usually the primary caregiver. Much of what the children learn from their mother will effect their whole life. Through the processes of social learning and modeling the child will learn his or her values, social roles, social identity and gender identity from their mother. Gender identity development is related to the emotional relationships that develop between children and their mothers (Chodorow).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On global rating scales mothers indicated higher levels of warmth toward their infants if the infant was a girl (Sear, Maccoby, Levin). If this is truly the case, mothers are nurturing closer relationships and a greater sense of continuity with their daughters than with sons. Research by Benenson, Morash, and Petrakos (1998) provides evidence that girls are more emotionally involved with their mothers than boys. Over time, women maintain their connectedness with their mothers, whereas men’s maternal attachment decreases. (Calloni and Handal). Boy and Girls form different emotional relationships with their primary caregiver based on their gender ( Chodorow).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surry (1985) found that the self is organized and developed within the contest of significant relationships. For women, these significant relationships seem to be with their mothers. Perhaps this is caused by the social role of women and men. Males and Bond 3 females act differently to the opposite sex because of the roles they are bound to by society. The stereotypes that are associated with maleness and femaleness in one’s culture is learned through a process called sex typing. Women talk about their feelings to one another and emotionally bond with other females. On the other hand, males are supposed to be strong and fearless, with no show of emotion or getting too personal with other males. Although we are very gradually moving away from the traditional gender stereotypes there is still much room for improvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A mother’s attitudes are significant predictors of the attitudes of their daughters (Acock and Bengston, 1978; Arditti, Godwin, and Scanzoni, 1991; Dalton 1980; Jennings and Niemi, 1982; Smith, 1983). Bonds Between Mother and Daughter :: essays research papers Bond 2 Bonds Between Mother and Daughter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even before birth a mother and child share a special bond. This bond is like no other, for it is miracle to have a baby growing inside your body. The feelings that emerge with this miracle are too strong for words. After birth, the bond develops into a greater emotional and physical bond. The child will spend much of his or her time learning in the first years of life with the mother, who is usually the primary caregiver. Much of what the children learn from their mother will effect their whole life. Through the processes of social learning and modeling the child will learn his or her values, social roles, social identity and gender identity from their mother. Gender identity development is related to the emotional relationships that develop between children and their mothers (Chodorow).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On global rating scales mothers indicated higher levels of warmth toward their infants if the infant was a girl (Sear, Maccoby, Levin). If this is truly the case, mothers are nurturing closer relationships and a greater sense of continuity with their daughters than with sons. Research by Benenson, Morash, and Petrakos (1998) provides evidence that girls are more emotionally involved with their mothers than boys. Over time, women maintain their connectedness with their mothers, whereas men’s maternal attachment decreases. (Calloni and Handal). Boy and Girls form different emotional relationships with their primary caregiver based on their gender ( Chodorow).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surry (1985) found that the self is organized and developed within the contest of significant relationships. For women, these significant relationships seem to be with their mothers. Perhaps this is caused by the social role of women and men. Males and Bond 3 females act differently to the opposite sex because of the roles they are bound to by society. The stereotypes that are associated with maleness and femaleness in one’s culture is learned through a process called sex typing. Women talk about their feelings to one another and emotionally bond with other females. On the other hand, males are supposed to be strong and fearless, with no show of emotion or getting too personal with other males. Although we are very gradually moving away from the traditional gender stereotypes there is still much room for improvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A mother’s attitudes are significant predictors of the attitudes of their daughters (Acock and Bengston, 1978; Arditti, Godwin, and Scanzoni, 1991; Dalton 1980; Jennings and Niemi, 1982; Smith, 1983).

Culture of India and Western Culture

| | Mounting western culture degrading India on the whole. Have you ever seen the pictures of Jatindranath Mukerjee or Chandrasekhar Azad or Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose? Apart from being leading revolutionaries of the Indian freedom struggle, these three great personalities had something more in common. Almost in each picture you will find each of them clad in perfect Indian attire or dhoti-kurta. Do you find the same dress among Indians still? Unfortunately, it is becoming almost extinct more and more and the day is not far when its best position will be in the museum of any Indian metropolis. What inference can you draw from this lamentable specimen? Western influence is rising in the Indian society by leaps and bounds and its intensity is rising with the passing of each year almost. There is hardly any doubt that the entire course is moving contrary to the dreams of the founding fathers of independent India in August 15, 1947. They had thought that the country, winning independence after the freedom struggle of almost two centuries at a stretch, would regain its vigor and set up its basis, rooted in its own intrinsic culture, with conviction. What we are witnessing at the moment is not sad or unfortunate only but just the opposite also. Within the seven decades of national independence influences of Indian culture have started to drain almost. Even if there is any, it is under the greater protection of the western umbrella. Well, you don’t have to go anywhere else – a few glimpses of the Indian television scenario or cable television’s are going to be enough. Gone are the days when the Indian television industry used to speak in favor of national harmony, secular traditions and unity in diversity. These days, the messages of national unification have ceased to come to the fore and the programs have been replaced by reality shows dominated by women clad in skimpy dresses. These sorts of shows go against the age-old Indian traditions and in a word, affront Indian values only. But Indians are so wild that they have little time for the national stature. Is India developing then or on the wane? You have to make the decision. Culture† and â€Å"Tradition† are more significant in a country like India which has always een cherishing its rich culture and heritage and it’s quite well known for it worldwide. But these things are just on paper and are slowly losing their sheen. Why? India is known by her people. We, the younger generation are the representatives of India in a true sense of the word. Even in history, we come across various incidents where the youth took the lead to bring about a change and get India independence from the British rule. We, the Indian you th have always been the power and pride of India. We are the sole cherishers of India’s pride and its heritage which actually lies in its culture, its diversity, its uniqueness. In such a scenario, where the point of a rich cultured country like India is facing the problem of losing its culture, are we, the youth; the Indian youth not ACTUALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS? Are we not putting our own self image, our self respect, our mother India’s pride at stake by doing so? Just think about it my dear friends. There is no problem as such when we follow the western culture to some extent. The problem is we are forgetting our culture to a greater extent. Why should we do so? 21st century youth doesn’t mean forgetting the motherland and following or in short adopting western lifestyle in totality. Every culture has its own pros and cons. We individuals should be strong enough to take the good and throw off the bad. But what are we doing now? It’s a shame to see that â€Å"India’s pride†; â€Å"We Indian Youth† doesn’t have even a bit of importance for India’s pride and heritage, its culture; and we are easily influenced by western culture. Right from our clothing, till the music, the films, our attitude, our lifestyle, in short every aspect of our life has totally changed. â€Å"Change doesn’t happen on its own; it’s we who bring about the change. † But by this change, our mother India has lost its sheen and beauty; its place; its uniqueness in the world. AND WE, THE INDIAN YOUTH, PRIDE OF INDIA; ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR THAT. Friends, it’s high time now and we got to think about this now or never. â€Å"STITCH IN TIME SAVES NINE†!!!! Essays on negative impact on India because of western culture? The culture of India has been shaped not only by its long history, unique geography and diverse demography, but also by its ancient heritages. Regarded by some historians as the â€Å"oldest living civilization of Earth†, the Indian tradition dates back to 8,000 BC and has a continuous recorded history for over 2,500 years. But due to the increasing development†¦ Due to globalization†¦ the rich culture of India is disappearing. The most impact is of western culture on India culture. Western culture is based more on materialistic factors where as our culture has a spiritual base. The culture of India is been disappearing by many ways†¦ the youths in India do not respect their elders, the families in India live separate†¦ And thus have lost contacts with their other relatives†¦ The big point which is making the culture of India to disappear in bollywood†¦ the dressing style of the actresses, the slang word used in movies are been influenced the youth to bad step of life. The young ones try to act the same as these actors do which is very bad to the culture of India†¦ The lack of morals, the lacking faith in God, having late night parties, the influence of drugs and alcohols, least interest in Indian languages like Sanskrit, Hindi, Celebrating mothers day, fathers day, valentine day, fools day etc rather than celebrating our Indian festivals and thus wasting their precious time of life, Thinking to be independent at an early age Effect of western culture on Indians? The effects of the western culture on the Indians would be a high range of things. ne would be influential styles many of the youth started t change dhow they dressed because of the west culture. also their cooking, and language. many Indians were drove away from their native homeland. nowadays they all live on Indian preserves. Take a look around i doubt you will see Indians riding on a horse. You might say well I'm an American. Where did you ancestors come from? Probably from over s eas. Well actually the only true Americans would be the Indians being that they were born and raised on American soil. I could go on and on, but i think that's enough | Impact Of Western Culture CHEERS†, and the party starts. With booze, fags and skimpily dressed girls who move their bodies to be the cynosure and to attract males. Everyone is wearing branded clothes, imported watches, designer accessories and what not. These things have become the necessities of the Indian youth and even the older generations. A father-son duo sitting together and enjoying their drinks, women going to pubs and discos and getting involved in obscene acts and girls taking their boyfriends to their homes to have a jolly time with parents and otherwise too. What can one infer after reading the above lines? I guess, the first answer would be that India is changing over the course of time. India, as the name flickers, one thinks of religion, traditions, art and culture and it’s apt to think so because India is the country which is famous for its diversity in these aspects. The land where the great Raja Ram Mohan, Tagore, Gandhi transformed the thinking of people and removed the social stigmas like sati pratha the practice of widows being forced to sit on the pior of their husbands), untouchability and many more. India was known as â€Å"Sone Ki Chidiya† (The Golden Bird) but the shine has faded away gradually with the change in I, YOU and WE. Indian society has evolved into a mixed breed of Western and Indian culture. People are becoming too much casual in both their personal and professional lives, how a â€Å"Good Morning Madam† has now become â€Å"Hi Diksha†, how a â€Å"Namaste Daadu† has become â€Å"Hey Grandpa†, courtesy the western culture. The western culture has proved to be a setback for Indian culture, its rituals, its traditions and mannerism. The Indian morning which used to begin with bhajans and kirtans now begins with the rock of Metallica and the punk of Greenday. The age of losing virginity has gone down to teens — following the western culture, these days it has become a casual and usual trend to lose virginity as teenagers. The way in which Hollywood movies have created an†¦

Business Organization

I started my Lawn Mowing Service as a sole proprietorship. I bought the lawn mover, edge trimmer, gasoline, and rake. I mowed neighbor’s yards. I got all the profits. If I did a bad job, or could not mow because of weather, I took a loss. I was very successful and made a lot of money and had 100 yards to tend every month. But I got tired of mowing 100 yards a month and working between 10 and 12 hour days. I needed help. I asked my parents if they would help and I would pay them half of what I made on each yard they mowed. They said: â€Å"No, we want the full amount for each yard mowed. The only way that they would be able to get the full amount is to produce their own yard service tools. If I had to provide them, I did not want to lose money for my material. We agreed to a deal that everything would be 50/50. This is when we formed a partnership. We agreed to 50/50 as they would take half the work and produce half the equipment needed. Even though it was my idea and business , 50/50 is better than no help at all and they are footing half the expenses. With this help, my business was growing faster and we were making money like crazy.With our business growing, other members of the family wanted in on the action. However, none of them wanted to actually work directly on the business as they had other jobs and did not want to work out in the heat. So, we formed a limited liability company. Each of them put up an investment, and we purchased more lawn service tools and trucks so we could easily move large mowers around town. The investment was also used to advertise the business. With having more customers now, we hired professional people what would do a great job of mowing yards and would be friendly with our customers.With having more customers, all the investors were paid back their investment and were now making a profit. At this point we were ready to expand our business to include tree service as well as landscaping. We wanted to expand so we could g et contracts with the county, city, and state to mow the grass along the highways, interstates, and county roads. To expand our business, we needed a loan. We went to the bank, but they bank said: â€Å"No. Your business is too small and you do not have any assets to cover the loan. So, we decided to form a joint-stock company and made the stockholders liable for debts. In other words, we used their houses and or vehicles as collateral. When we went back to the bank they said: â€Å"Yes, a loan is no problem. If you don't make good on the loan we'll use the collateral to repay the debt. † With the money we were ready to expand. At the last minute we decided to buy a piece of property and open up our own nursery. This now allowed our customers to come and pick out plants that they would like to see in their landscaping instead of us taking them to a competitor to purchase plants.

To Be An American essays

To Be An American essays Ang Lees The Wedding Banquet depicts a Taiwanese man crossing cultural boundaries. He is caught between his parents traditional belief system and his own experience as an Asian-American man. The movie shows the struggle Wai-Tung undergoes to deal with his life as an assimilated man and the life that his parents in Taiwan have planned for him. This is a situation that many people who come to America have to deal with when trying to fit in. They try hard to retain some of their old cultural values and practices while also trying not to alienate themselves from the new world that they live in. The film illustrates that in order to become fully a part of American culture, one cannot retain all of his or her cultural values and practices. Immigrants must adopt the ways of the new world that they live in. This is true, but by giving up their cultural values to become part of American culture, immigrants realize that the cost to family life and to self outweigh the benefits of assi milation. In the movie, an example of Wai-Tungs assimilation into American culture is that he is in an intimate, interracial relationship. This is the equivalent of intermarriage in heterosexual relationships, which is a key indication of assimilation (e.g., Hwang and Saenz 1). Taiwan is a virtually homogenous country where inter-marriage is virtually impossible because not many other races reside in the country. The fact that he has chosen a white American man to be his lover is and sign that he has accepted American culture and strives to intermix with the culture. More explicit than his choosing a white lover is that he has a male lover at all. As stated in the movie, Wai-Tung had intimate relationships while he was in college. To seem normal and to fit in with his own culture while he was in Taiwan, Wai-Tung had to pretend that he was heterosexual. Asian parents usually raise their children to abide by social norms, wh...

20 Research Essay Topics Ideas to Research and Write about Hellenistic Philosophies

20 Research Essay Topics Ideas to Research and Write about Hellenistic Philosophies If you are writing on Hellenistic philosophy and need a topic, consider the twenty below: Epicureans Beliefs about Knowledge and the Derived Sources for These Beliefs What Stoic Epistemology Really Is Defining Ancient Skepticism and the Influence Cicero Had On Its Growth Epicurean Cosmos: the Idea of Freedom Within; Concepts of Indeterminism and Anti-Teleology Stoic Ontology as a Criteria for Identity and How Chrysippus Contributed to the Understanding of Identity Stoic Cosmos and the Issue of Freedom Including Determinism and Teleology The Role Posidonius Played in Stoic Physics Epicureanism and the Idea of Moral End Stoic Ethics and How to Live in Accordance with Nature in Peace Different Hellenistic Theories for Affections: Stoics and Epicureans The Theory of Action Within Skepticism and Ethics How Marcus Aurelius Contributed to the Concept of Meditations Understanding Lucretius and His Contributions to â€Å"The Nature of All Things in the World† The Causes and Explanations for Philosophies of Ancient Greece The History of Ancient Medicine and Hellenistic Philosophy The Greek Philosophers of the Hellenistic Times: Contribution to the Philosophies The Epicurus’ Scientific Method and Its Relation to the Other The Transmission of Greek Wisdom Defined by Lucretius Philodemus Contribution to the Greek Understanding of Ethics Emotions, Duties, and the Fate of Those Leading a Stoic Life Aren’t those cool? Don’t forget to check our 10 facts on Hellenistic Philosophies for a research essay and a guide on how to tackle this task. Below is a sample essay on one of the above topics: Sample Research Essay on Greek Philosophers of the Hellenistic Times: Contribution to the Philosophies In the period directly following the influences of such names as Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle, there came the Hellenistic Philosophies and their many great leaders. Hellenistic philosophies arose out of a time period when Greeks had been encouraged to think of life and actions in relation to the greater political landscape, and yet the political landscape had severely changed with the Roman conquering of Greece. It was because of these changes that philosophical schools of thought transitioned their main points away from the contribution of individuals towards the changes politically. They focused instead on the role that people played in making themselves happy and accepting of the things in life as they came. Ethical thinkers transitioned away from grandiose thinking and moved toward the very small, focusing on what elements constitute the nature and the environment in which people live. This influenced the role that people played within this predetermined and microscopic world. The main school of thought during this time period revolved around the atomists. It was accepted by Epicurus, then the stoics and skeptics. Democritus and Leucippus were two famous atomists whose work included the creation of a systematic description in the world of nature. Their findings resulted in a conclusion that all things in the world were made up of small particles and that these particles were indestructible. This meant that no matter what people did, the particles would never be destroyed by them, anyone else or by their actions. According to this philosophy everything was made up of particles each of which had mechanical interactions with one another. This process accounted for everything happening in the world. Because of this theory people were paying significant attention to the consequences resulting from their actions. Another aspect to this thought was that these small particles would naturally collide and smash into one another, no matter what actions were taken; they were controlled by larger elements in the universe. The resulting teachings focused on how human life was passive, and how people could o nly experience the world around them and not control or change it. So rather than focusing efforts on attempts to modify their world or the politics guiding it, people were told that they should focus on living a good life. Living a good life was defined as enjoying more pleasant things in it rather than the unpleasant. Epicurus, the main leader of this philosophy, stated that people should attempt to live a life free from pain, need and sensual desires. It was perceived as natural and if they went not satiated it would result in a mild form of pain. This could be avoided by simply giving into these desires to achieve a pleasure in life. Another notion was that death was a natural removal of personality from the body and nothing to be feared. Instead, people should have accepted death as natural and in the meantime strive to live a life whereby they eat, drink, and remain happy. It was Zeno and Chrusippus who focused on the ideas of the Stoics to counter some of the philosophical elements found in the teachings of Epicurus. The stoics believed that people represented microcosms of the universe and that each person and their actions could be explained in a naturalistic fashion. Stoics believed most strongly, as the name would suggest, in remaining more stoic toward all things in life. Stoicism and stern attitudes were paramount to accepting the fate of life. It was argued by the Stoics that people should accept the things that happen to them and around them without complaint. It was Epicetus who heeded the call of Stoic leadership by promoting the concept that people have very little understanding of how things in the universe work and, what’s more, have very little control over any of it. It was stated that people should never become attached to things or other people in their lives, even friends or family, because all things in life were fleeting or passing and would perish with time. That said, people were encouraged to view all good things in life as a temporary blessing and all bad things as a temporary curse, both of which would naturally pass away. It was Pyrrho of Elis who formed the leading principles for the school of Skepticism. This school of thinking took the ideas of the other two even further by explaining that people should not dwell on things about which they have no knowledge. But the definition of true knowledge was an absolute comprehension, beyond any doubts. This idea was not something which many people could actually attain, and therefore, peace of mind came by not responding to the things about which people could not be absolutely sure. This also meant that people could not judge or act on situations without absolute knowledge, something that afforded a great deal of mental clarity and calmness according to the teaching. References Algra, Keimpe.  The Cambridge History Of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Print. Annas, Julia.  Hellenistic Philosophy Of Mind. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1992. Print. Brunschwig, Jacques.  Papers In Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Print. Gill, Christopher. Hellenistic And Roman Philosophy.  Phronesis  60.2 (2015): 253-265. Web. Long, A. A.  Hellenistic Philosophy. New York: Scribner, 1974. Print. Sharples, R. W.  Stoics, Epicureans And Sceptics. London: Routledge, 1996. Print. VoudoureÌ„s, KoÌ„nstantinos IoÌ„annou.  Hellenistic Philosophy. Athens: International Center for Greek Philosophy and Culture, 1993. Print.